Cybersecurity Incident Response

What is an Incident?

An incident is any event that poses a potential threat or causes harm to an organization's IT systems or data. Not all incidents escalate, but serious ones trigger a formal response by the Incident Response Team (IRT) to minimize damage and restore security.

Incident Response Team (IRT)

The IRT is a cross-functional group focused on managing cybersecurity threats. It typically includes:

• Security Experts – Core defenders of digital assets.
• Security Operations (SOC) – Offer real-time threat insights.
• IT & Network Teams – Help with containment and access.
• Developers – Aid in code-based threats.
• Legal & HR – Handle compliance and internal affairs.

Incident Response Process: PICERL

Based on NIST SP 800-61, the PICERL method is a flexible six-phase model for managing incidents:

1. Preparation

Set the foundation with response plans, roles, playbooks, training, and communication tools. Ensure access to critical logs and systems.

2. Identification

Detect threats via alerts (from EDR, IDS, SIEM, etc.) or user reports. Analyze scope, impact, and urgency.

3. Containment

Act fast to limit spread. This may include isolating systems, revoking credentials, blocking IPs, and saving evidence (disk/memory images).

4. Eradication

Remove malware or attacker remnants. Options: restore from backup or rebuild systems. Re-apply necessary settings if needed.

5. Recovery

Restore services safely, test functionality, and apply extra monitoring to catch any recurring issues.

6. Lessons Learned

Review the incident to improve response capabilities. Document gaps, successes, and recommendations for future defenses.